Tag Archives: equivalence point

Selecting an Indicator for a Redox Titration

The most important class of indicators for redox titrations are substances that do not participate in the redox titration, but whose oxidized and reduced forms differ in color. When we add a redox indicator to the titrand, the indicator imparts … Continue reading

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Equivalence Points for Redox Titrations

For an acid–base titration or a complexometric titration, the equivalence point is almost identical to the inflection point near the middle of the steeply rising part of the titration curve, which makes it relatively easy to locate the equivalence point … Continue reading

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Spectrophotometric Titrations

If at least one species in a complexation titration absorbs electromagnetic radiation, we can identify the end point by monitoring the titrand’s absorbance at a carefully selected wavelength. For example, we can identify the end point for a titration of … Continue reading

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Limitations to Acid-Base Titrations

In an acid–base titration the volume of titrant needed to reach the equivalence point is proportional to the moles of titrand. Because the pH of the titrand or the titrant is a function of its concentration, however, the change in … Continue reading

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Determining an Acid Dissociation Constant from a Titration

Another application of acid–base titrimetry is the determination of equilibrium constants. Consider, for example, a solution of acetic acid, CH3COOH, for which the dissociation constant is Ka = [H3O+][CH3COO–]/[CH3COOH] When the concentrations of CH3COOH and CH3COO– are equal, the Ka expression reduces … Continue reading

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Finding the Equivalence Point From a Titration Curve

An alternative to using a visual indicator to locate a titration’s end point is to continuously monitor the titration’s progress using a sensor whose signal is a function of the analyte’s concentration. The result is a plot of the entire … Continue reading

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Visual Indicators for Acid-Base Titrations

The illustration below shows the relationship between pH and an indicator’s color. The ladder diagram defines pH values where each of the indicator’s two forms the weak acid form, HIn, which in this example is yellow the weak base form, … Continue reading

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Thermometric Titration Curve

An acid-base reaction is exothermic, which means we can follow the titration by monitoring the titration mixture’s temperature as a function of the volume of titrant added. A typical thermometric titration curve is shown here. Prior to the equivalence point, … Continue reading

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Strong Acid–Strong Base Titration Curve

Typical acid–base titration curve showing how the titrand’s pH changes with the addition of titrant. The titrand is a 25.0 mL solution of 0.100 M HCl and the titrant is 0.100 M NaOH. The titration curve is the solid blue … Continue reading

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